DirectX 10 教程9:环境光照

原文地址:Tutorial 9: Ambient Lighting(http://www.rastertek.com/dx10tut09.html)。

源代码:dx10tut09.zip

本教程介绍如何使用环境光照。

我使用了一个例子解释环境光照。加入你在一个房间里,唯一的光源是通过窗口照射进来的太阳光。阳光并没有直接照射到房间的每个面上,但房间中的每样东西都会被散射光照亮,这种在阳光并没有直接照射在物体表面的光照效果称之为环境光照。

我们使用了一个非常简单的公式模拟环境光照,只是在像素着色器的开始将每个像素的颜色设置为环境光颜色,之后再进行其他颜色操作叠加在环境光颜色上。通过这个方法我们让每个对象至少都有环境光的颜色。

环境光照还能让3D场景更加真实。下图中的立方体只被X轴方向的漫反射光照射:

只有漫反射光照

图像看起来不够真实,因为即使光照很弱,充斥在周围环境光也会让物体有一个大致的轮廓。现在,如果我们添加15%的白色环境光照,则图像如下图所示:

附加了环境光照

这样就获得了一个更加真实的光照效果。

本教程是建立在上一个漫反射光照教程的基础上的。要添加环境光分量只需做很小一点的改动。

Light.fx

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Filename: light.fx
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////


/////////////
// GLOBALS //
/////////////
matrix worldMatrix;
matrix viewMatrix;
matrix projectionMatrix;
Texture2D shaderTexture;

首先添加一个float4类型的环境光颜色变量,这样环境光就可以被这个shader之外的类进行设置。

float4 ambientColor;
float4 diffuseColor;
float3 lightDirection;


///////////////////
// SAMPLE STATES //
///////////////////
SamplerState SampleType
{
    Filter = MIN_MAG_MIP_LINEAR;
    AddressU = Wrap;
    AddressV = Wrap;
};


//////////////
// TYPEDEFS //
//////////////
struct VertexInputType
{
    float4 position : POSITION;
    float2 tex : TEXCOORD0;
	float3 normal : NORMAL;
};

struct PixelInputType
{
    float4 position : SV_POSITION;
    float2 tex : TEXCOORD0;
	float3 normal : NORMAL;
};


////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Vertex Shader
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
PixelInputType LightVertexShader(VertexInputType input)
{
    PixelInputType output;
    
    
	// Change the position vector to be 4 units for proper matrix calculations.
    input.position.w = 1.0f;

	// Calculate the position of the vertex against the world, view, and projection matrices.
    output.position = mul(input.position, worldMatrix);
    output.position = mul(output.position, viewMatrix);
    output.position = mul(output.position, projectionMatrix);
    
	// Store the texture coordinates for the pixel shader.
    output.tex = input.tex;
    
	// Calculate the normal vector against the world matrix only.
    output.normal = mul(input.normal, (float3x3)worldMatrix);
	
    // Normalize the normal vector.
    output.normal = normalize(output.normal);

	return output;
}


////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Pixel Shader
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
float4 LightPixelShader(PixelInputType input) : SV_Target
{
	float4 textureColor;
	float3 lightDir;
	float lightIntensity;
	float4 color;


	// Sample the pixel color from the texture using the sampler at this texture coordinate location.
	textureColor = shaderTexture.Sample(SampleType, input.tex);

我们首先将输出颜色设置为环境光颜色,这样所有像素的颜色至少会是环境光颜色。

// Set the default output color to the 
                    ambient light value for all pixels. color = ambientColor; // Invert the light 
                    direction for calculations. lightDir = -lightDirection; // Calculate the amount 
                    of light on this pixel. lightIntensity = saturate(dot(input.normal, lightDir)); 
                    

检查一下N与L的点乘是否大于零。如果是则将漫反射颜色加上环境光颜色,如果不是则无需加上漫反射颜色,这是因为漫反射强度可能为负值,导致会在环境光颜色中减去漫反射颜色,导致错误的光照效果。

	// Set the default output color to the ambient light value for all pixels.
    color = ambientColor;

	// Invert the light direction for calculations.
    lightDir = -lightDirection;

    // Calculate the amount of light on this pixel.
    lightIntensity = saturate(dot(input.normal, lightDir));
	
	if(lightIntensity > 0.0f)
    {
        // Determine the final diffuse color based on the diffuse color and the amount of light intensity.
        color += (diffuseColor * lightIntensity);
    }

有可能环境光加漫反射光的值大于1,所以需要进行saturate操作。

    // Saturate the final light color.
    color = saturate(color);

    // Multiply the texture pixel and the final diffuse color to get the final pixel color result.
    color = color * textureColor;

    return color;
}


////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Technique
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
technique10 LightTechnique
{
    pass pass0
    {
        SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_4_0, LightVertexShader()));
        SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_4_0, LightPixelShader()));
        SetGeometryShader(NULL);
    }
}

Lightshaderclass.h

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Filename: lightshaderclass.h
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#ifndef _LIGHTSHADERCLASS_H_
#define _LIGHTSHADERCLASS_H_


//////////////
// INCLUDES //
//////////////
#include <d3d10.h>
#include <d3dx10math.h>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;


////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Class name: LightShaderClass
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
class LightShaderClass
{
public:
	LightShaderClass();
	LightShaderClass(const LightShaderClass&);
	~LightShaderClass();

	bool Initialize(ID3D10Device*, HWND);
	void Shutdown();
	void Render(ID3D10Device*, int, D3DXMATRIX, D3DXMATRIX, D3DXMATRIX, ID3D10ShaderResourceView*, D3DXVECTOR3, D3DXVECTOR4, D3DXVECTOR4);

private:
	bool InitializeShader(ID3D10Device*, HWND, WCHAR*);
	void ShutdownShader();
	void OutputShaderErrorMessage(ID3D10Blob*, HWND, WCHAR*);

	void SetShaderParameters(D3DXMATRIX, D3DXMATRIX, D3DXMATRIX, ID3D10ShaderResourceView*, D3DXVECTOR3, D3DXVECTOR4, D3DXVECTOR4);
	void RenderShader(ID3D10Device*, int);

private:
	ID3D10Effect* m_effect;
	ID3D10EffectTechnique* m_technique;
	ID3D10InputLayout* m_layout;

	ID3D10EffectMatrixVariable* m_worldMatrixPtr;
	ID3D10EffectMatrixVariable* m_viewMatrixPtr;
	ID3D10EffectMatrixVariable* m_projectionMatrixPtr;
	ID3D10EffectShaderResourceVariable* m_texturePtr;
	ID3D10EffectVectorVariable* m_lightDirectionPtr;

LightShaderClass新添了一个指向环境光颜色的私有指针。

	ID3D10EffectVectorVariable* m_ambientColorPtr;
	ID3D10EffectVectorVariable* m_diffuseColorPtr;
};

#endif

Lightshaderclass.cpp

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Filename: lightshaderclass.cpp
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#include "lightshaderclass.h"


LightShaderClass::LightShaderClass()
{
	m_effect = 0;
	m_technique = 0;
	m_layout = 0;

	m_worldMatrixPtr = 0;
	m_viewMatrixPtr = 0;
	m_projectionMatrixPtr = 0;
	m_texturePtr = 0;
	m_lightDirectionPtr = 0;

在构造函数中将ambient light指针设置为null。

	m_ambientColorPtr = 0;
	m_diffuseColorPtr = 0;
}


LightShaderClass::LightShaderClass(const LightShaderClass& other)
{
}


LightShaderClass::~LightShaderClass()
{
}


bool LightShaderClass::Initialize(ID3D10Device* device, HWND hwnd)
{
	bool result;


	// Initialize the shader that will be used to draw the triangle.
	result = InitializeShader(device, hwnd, L"../Engine/light.fx");
	if(!result)
	{
		return false;
	}

	return true;
}


void LightShaderClass::Shutdown()
{
	// Shutdown the shader effect.
	ShutdownShader();

	return;
}

Render方法的参数中新包含了环境光颜色,它会被传递到shader中进行设置。

void LightShaderClass::Render(ID3D10Device* device, int indexCount, D3DXMATRIX worldMatrix, D3DXMATRIX viewMatrix, D3DXMATRIX projectionMatrix, 
							  ID3D10ShaderResourceView* texture, D3DXVECTOR3 lightDirection, D3DXVECTOR4 ambientColor, D3DXVECTOR4 diffuseColor)
{
	// Set the shader parameters that it will use for rendering.
	SetShaderParameters(worldMatrix, viewMatrix, projectionMatrix, texture, lightDirection, ambientColor, diffuseColor);

	// Now render the prepared buffers with the shader.
	RenderShader(device, indexCount);

	return;
}


bool LightShaderClass::InitializeShader(ID3D10Device* device, HWND hwnd, WCHAR* filename)
{
	HRESULT result;
	ID3D10Blob* errorMessage;
	D3D10_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC polygonLayout[3];
	unsigned int numElements;
    D3D10_PASS_DESC passDesc;


	// Initialize the error message.
	errorMessage = 0;

	// Load the shader in from the file.
	result = D3DX10CreateEffectFromFile(filename, NULL, NULL, "fx_4_0", D3D10_SHADER_ENABLE_STRICTNESS, 0, 
										device, NULL, NULL, &m_effect, &errorMessage, NULL);
	if(FAILED(result))
	{
		// If the shader failed to compile it should have writen something to the error message.
		if(errorMessage)
		{
			OutputShaderErrorMessage(errorMessage, hwnd, filename);
		}
		// If there was nothing in the error message then it simply could not find the shader file itself.
		else
		{
			MessageBox(hwnd, filename, L"Missing Shader File", MB_OK);
		}

		return false;
	}

	// Get a pointer to the technique inside the shader.
	m_technique = m_effect->GetTechniqueByName("LightTechnique");
	if(!m_technique)
	{
		return false;
	}

	// Now setup the layout of the data that goes into the shader.
	// This setup needs to match the VertexType stucture in the ModelClass and in the shader.
	polygonLayout[0].SemanticName = "POSITION";
	polygonLayout[0].SemanticIndex = 0;
	polygonLayout[0].Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT;
	polygonLayout[0].InputSlot = 0;
	polygonLayout[0].AlignedByteOffset = 0;
	polygonLayout[0].InputSlotClass = D3D10_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA;
	polygonLayout[0].InstanceDataStepRate = 0;

	polygonLayout[1].SemanticName = "TEXCOORD";
	polygonLayout[1].SemanticIndex = 0;
	polygonLayout[1].Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT;
	polygonLayout[1].InputSlot = 0;
	polygonLayout[1].AlignedByteOffset = D3D10_APPEND_ALIGNED_ELEMENT;
	polygonLayout[1].InputSlotClass = D3D10_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA;
	polygonLayout[1].InstanceDataStepRate = 0;

	polygonLayout[2].SemanticName = "NORMAL";
	polygonLayout[2].SemanticIndex = 0;
	polygonLayout[2].Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT;
	polygonLayout[2].InputSlot = 0;
	polygonLayout[2].AlignedByteOffset = D3D10_APPEND_ALIGNED_ELEMENT;
	polygonLayout[2].InputSlotClass = D3D10_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA;
	polygonLayout[2].InstanceDataStepRate = 0;

	// Get a count of the elements in the layout.
    numElements = sizeof(polygonLayout) / sizeof(polygonLayout[0]);

	// Get the description of the first pass described in the shader technique.
    m_technique->GetPassByIndex(0)->GetDesc(&passDesc);

	// Create the input layout.
    result = device->CreateInputLayout(polygonLayout, numElements, passDesc.pIAInputSignature, passDesc.IAInputSignatureSize, &m_layout);
	if(FAILED(result))
	{
		return false;
	}

	// Get pointers to the three matrices inside the shader so we can update them from this class.
    m_worldMatrixPtr = m_effect->GetVariableByName("worldMatrix")->AsMatrix();
	m_viewMatrixPtr = m_effect->GetVariableByName("viewMatrix")->AsMatrix();
    m_projectionMatrixPtr = m_effect->GetVariableByName("projectionMatrix")->AsMatrix();

	// Get pointer to the texture resource inside the shader.
	m_texturePtr = m_effect->GetVariableByName("shaderTexture")->AsShaderResource();

	// Get pointers to the light direction and diffuse color variables inside the shader.
	m_lightDirectionPtr = m_effect->GetVariableByName("lightDirection")->AsVector();

新的环境光指针被设置到shader中的环境光颜色变量。

	m_ambientColorPtr = m_effect->GetVariableByName("ambientColor")->AsVector();
	m_diffuseColorPtr = m_effect->GetVariableByName("diffuseColor")->AsVector();

	return true;
}


void LightShaderClass::ShutdownShader()
{
	// Release the light pointers.
	m_lightDirectionPtr = 0;

在ShutdownShader方法中释放环境光指针。

	m_ambientColorPtr = 0;
	m_diffuseColorPtr = 0;

	// Release the pointer to the texture in the shader file.
	m_texturePtr = 0;

	// Release the pointers to the matrices inside the shader.
	m_worldMatrixPtr = 0;
	m_viewMatrixPtr = 0;
	m_projectionMatrixPtr = 0;

	// Release the pointer to the shader layout.
	if(m_layout)
	{
		m_layout->Release();
		m_layout = 0;
	}

	// Release the pointer to the shader technique.
	m_technique = 0;

	// Release the pointer to the shader.
	if(m_effect)
	{
		m_effect->Release();
		m_effect = 0;
	}

	return;
}


void LightShaderClass::OutputShaderErrorMessage(ID3D10Blob* errorMessage, HWND hwnd, WCHAR* shaderFilename)
{
	char* compileErrors;
	unsigned long bufferSize, i;
	ofstream fout;


	// Get a pointer to the error message text buffer.
	compileErrors = (char*)(errorMessage->GetBufferPointer());

	// Get the length of the message.
	bufferSize = errorMessage->GetBufferSize();

	// Open a file to write the error message to.
	fout.open("shader-error.txt");

	// Write out the error message.
	for(i=0; i<bufferSize; i++)
	{
		fout << compileErrors[i];
	}

	// Close the file.
	fout.close();

	// Release the error message.
	errorMessage->Release();
	errorMessage = 0;

	// Pop a message up on the screen to notify the user to check the text file for compile errors.
	MessageBox(hwnd, L"Error compiling shader.  Check shader-error.txt for message.", shaderFilename, MB_OK);

	return;
}


void LightShaderClass::SetShaderParameters(D3DXMATRIX worldMatrix, D3DXMATRIX viewMatrix, D3DXMATRIX projectionMatrix, 
										   ID3D10ShaderResourceView* texture, D3DXVECTOR3 lightDirection, D3DXVECTOR4 ambientColor, 
										   D3DXVECTOR4 diffuseColor)
{
	// Set the world matrix variable inside the shader.
    m_worldMatrixPtr->SetMatrix((float*)&worldMatrix);

	// Set the view matrix variable inside the shader.
	m_viewMatrixPtr->SetMatrix((float*)&viewMatrix);

	// Set the projection matrix variable inside the shader.
    m_projectionMatrixPtr->SetMatrix((float*)&projectionMatrix);

	// Bind the texture.
	m_texturePtr->SetResource(texture);

	// Set the direction of the light inside the shader.
	m_lightDirectionPtr->SetFloatVector((float*)&lightDirection);

	// Set the ambient color of the light.
	m_ambientColorPtr->SetFloatVector((float*)&ambientColor);

	// Set the diffuse color of the light inside the shader.
	m_diffuseColorPtr->SetFloatVector((float*)&diffuseColor);

	return;
}


void LightShaderClass::RenderShader(ID3D10Device* device, int indexCount)
{
    D3D10_TECHNIQUE_DESC techniqueDesc;
	unsigned int i;
	

	// Set the input layout.
	device->IASetInputLayout(m_layout);

	// Get the description structure of the technique from inside the shader so it can be used for rendering.
    m_technique->GetDesc(&techniqueDesc);

    // Go through each pass in the technique (should be just one currently) and render the triangles.
	for(i=0; i<techniqueDesc.Passes; ++i)
    {
        m_technique->GetPassByIndex(i)->Apply(0);
        device->DrawIndexed(indexCount, 0, 0);
    }

	return;
}

Lightclass.h

LightClass中新添了一个环境光分量及其对应的辅助函数。

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Filename: lightclass.h
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#ifndef _LIGHTCLASS_H_
#define _LIGHTCLASS_H_


//////////////
// INCLUDES //
//////////////
#include <d3dx10math.h>


////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Class name: LightClass
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
class LightClass
{
public:
	LightClass();
	LightClass(const LightClass&);
	~LightClass();

	void SetAmbientColor(float, float, float, float);
	void SetDiffuseColor(float, float, float, float);
	void SetDirection(float, float, float);

	D3DXVECTOR4 GetAmbientColor();
	D3DXVECTOR4 GetDiffuseColor();
	D3DXVECTOR3 GetDirection();

private:
	D3DXVECTOR4 m_ambientColor;
	D3DXVECTOR4 m_diffuseColor;
	D3DXVECTOR3 m_direction;
};

#endif

Lightclass.cpp

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Filename: lightclass.cpp
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#include "lightclass.h"


LightClass::LightClass()
{
}


LightClass::LightClass(const LightClass& other)
{
}


LightClass::~LightClass()
{
}


void LightClass::SetAmbientColor(float red, float green, float blue, float alpha)
{
	m_ambientColor = D3DXVECTOR4(red, green, blue, alpha);
	return;
}


void LightClass::SetDiffuseColor(float red, float green, float blue, float alpha)
{
	m_diffuseColor = D3DXVECTOR4(red, green, blue, alpha);
	return;
}


void LightClass::SetDirection(float x, float y, float z)
{
	m_direction = D3DXVECTOR3(x, y, z);
	return;
}


D3DXVECTOR4 LightClass::GetAmbientColor()
{
	return m_ambientColor;
}


D3DXVECTOR4 LightClass::GetDiffuseColor()
{
	return m_diffuseColor;
}


D3DXVECTOR3 LightClass::GetDirection()
{
	return m_direction;
}

Graphicsclass.h

GraphicsClass的头文件保持不变。

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Filename: graphicsclass.h
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#ifndef _GRAPHICSCLASS_H_
#define _GRAPHICSCLASS_H_


///////////////////////
// MY CLASS INCLUDES //
///////////////////////
#include "d3dclass.h"
#include "cameraclass.h"
#include "modelclass.h"
#include "lightshaderclass.h"
#include "lightclass.h"


/////////////
// GLOBALS //
/////////////
const bool FULL_SCREEN = true;
const bool VSYNC_ENABLED = true;
const float SCREEN_DEPTH = 1000.0f;
const float SCREEN_NEAR = 0.1f;


////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Class name: GraphicsClass
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
class GraphicsClass
{
public:
	GraphicsClass();
	GraphicsClass(const GraphicsClass&);
	~GraphicsClass();

	bool Initialize(int, int, HWND);
	void Shutdown();
	bool Frame();

private:
	bool Render(float);

private:
	D3DClass* m_D3D;
	CameraClass* m_Camera;
	ModelClass* m_Model;
	LightShaderClass* m_LightShader;
	LightClass* m_Light;
};

#endif

Graphicsclass.cpp

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Filename: graphicsclass.cpp
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#include "graphicsclass.h"


GraphicsClass::GraphicsClass()
{
	m_D3D = 0;
	m_Camera = 0;
	m_Model = 0;
	m_LightShader = 0;
	m_Light = 0;
}


GraphicsClass::GraphicsClass(const GraphicsClass& other)
{
}


GraphicsClass::~GraphicsClass()
{
}


bool GraphicsClass::Initialize(int screenWidth, int screenHeight, HWND hwnd)
{
	bool result;


	// Create the Direct3D object.
	m_D3D = new D3DClass;
	if(!m_D3D)
	{
		return false;
	}

	// Initialize the Direct3D object.
	result = m_D3D->Initialize(screenWidth, screenHeight, VSYNC_ENABLED, hwnd, FULL_SCREEN, SCREEN_DEPTH, SCREEN_NEAR);
	if(!result)
	{
		MessageBox(hwnd, L"Could not initialize Direct3D.", L"Error", MB_OK);
		return false;
	}

	// Create the camera object.
	m_Camera = new CameraClass;
	if(!m_Camera)
	{
		return false;
	}

	// Set the initial position of the camera.
	m_Camera->SetPosition(0.0f, 0.0f, -10.0f);
	
	// Create the model object.
	m_Model = new ModelClass;
	if(!m_Model)
	{
		return false;
	}

	// Initialize the model object.
	result = m_Model->Initialize(m_D3D->GetDevice(), "../Engine/data/cube.txt", L"../Engine/data/seafloor.dds");
	if(!result)
	{
		MessageBox(hwnd, L"Could not initialize the model object.", L"Error", MB_OK);
		return false;
	}

	// Create the light shader object.
	m_LightShader = new LightShaderClass;
	if(!m_LightShader)
	{
		return false;
	}

	// Initialize the light shader object.
	result = m_LightShader->Initialize(m_D3D->GetDevice(), hwnd);
	if(!result)
	{
		MessageBox(hwnd, L"Could not initialize the light shader object.", L"Error", MB_OK);
		return false;
	}

	// Create the light object.
	m_Light = new LightClass;
	if(!m_Light)
	{
		return false;
	}

将环境光颜色设置为15%白色,将光线方向设置为X轴方向,这样我们就可以直接看到环境光的效果。

	// Initialize the light object.
	m_Light->SetAmbientColor(0.15f, 0.15f, 0.15f, 1.0f);
	m_Light->SetDiffuseColor(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
	m_Light->SetDirection(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

	return true;
}


void GraphicsClass::Shutdown()
{
	// Release the light object.
	if(m_Light)
	{
		delete m_Light;
		m_Light = 0;
	}

	// Release the light shader object.
	if(m_LightShader)
	{
		m_LightShader->Shutdown();
		delete m_LightShader;
		m_LightShader = 0;
	}

	// Release the model object.
	if(m_Model)
	{
		m_Model->Shutdown();
		delete m_Model;
		m_Model = 0;
	}

	// Release the camera object.
	if(m_Camera)
	{
		delete m_Camera;
		m_Camera = 0;
	}

	// Release the D3D object.
	if(m_D3D)
	{
		m_D3D->Shutdown();
		delete m_D3D;
		m_D3D = 0;
	}

	return;
}


bool GraphicsClass::Frame()
{
	bool result;
	static float rotation = 0.0f;

我将立方体的旋转速度减半使之更容易观察。

	// Update the rotation variable each frame.
	rotation += (float)D3DX_PI * 0.005f;
	if(rotation > 360.0f)
	{
		rotation -= 360.0f;
	}

	// Render the graphics scene.
	result = Render(rotation);
	if(!result)
	{
		return false;
	}

	return true;
}


bool GraphicsClass::Render(float rotation)
{
	D3DXMATRIX worldMatrix, viewMatrix, projectionMatrix;


	// Clear the buffers to begin the scene.
	m_D3D->BeginScene(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);

	// Generate the view matrix based on the camera's position.
	m_Camera->Render();

	// Get the world, view, and projection matrices from the camera and d3d objects.
	m_Camera->GetViewMatrix(viewMatrix);
	m_D3D->GetWorldMatrix(worldMatrix);
	m_D3D->GetProjectionMatrix(projectionMatrix);

	// Rotate the world matrix by the rotation value so that the triangle will spin.
	D3DXMatrixRotationY(&worldMatrix, rotation);

	// Put the model vertex and index buffers on the graphics pipeline to prepare them for drawing.
	m_Model->Render(m_D3D->GetDevice());

light shader的Render方法的参数中新添了环境光颜色。

	// Render the model using the light shader.
	m_LightShader->Render(m_D3D->GetDevice(), m_Model->GetIndexCount(), worldMatrix, viewMatrix, projectionMatrix, m_Model->GetTexture(),
						  m_Light->GetDirection(), m_Light->GetAmbientColor(), m_Light->GetDiffuseColor());
	
	// Present the rendered scene to the screen.
	m_D3D->EndScene();

	return true;
}

总结

通过添加环境光颜色,我们在所有表面上施加了一个最低限度的光照,使光照效果更为真实。

附加了环境光照

练习

1.编译程序,在屏幕上显示一个选择的立方体,未被光线直接照亮的部分现在也不是完全黑暗的的了。

2.将环境光变量设置为(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f)就移除了环境光照。

3.将代码“color = color * textureColor;”注释掉,就不会显示纹理了。

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发布时间:2012/7/17 16:29:16  阅读次数:5768

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